Laut Nusantara


Buku ini begitu akrab dengan mahasiswa perikanan. ditulis dengan gaya semi populer penulis membahas berbagai aspek kelautan di nusantara ini. Luas laut yang 70,8 % dari luas muka bumi dibahas oleh penulis tentang perihal pengelolaannya. Antara lain laut dapat dimanfaatkan untuk berbagai keperluan :

  1. transportasi
  2. perikanan
  3. pertambangan
  4. bahan baku obat-obatan
  5. energi
  6. rekreasi dan pariwisata
  7. pendidikan dan penelitian
  8. konservasi alam
  9. pertahanan kemanan

Dari perkembangannya menurut buku ini; penelitian kelautan di Indonesia dapat dibagi menjadi empat periode :

  1. antara 1600 – 1850
  2. antara 1850 – 1905
  3. antara 1905 – 1960
  4. setelah 1960

Periode I (1600 – 1850)

permulaan periode pertama merupakan periode amatirisme yang ditandai dengan bangkitnya minat para kolektor/hobbyist dari eropa untuk mengumpulkan contoh-contoh biota (flora dan fauna). Dorongan ini lebih disebabkan karena kekaguman pada bentuk dan warna biota indonesia yang sangat berbeda dengan yang ada di eropa dan dengan keanekaragaman yang jauh lebih besar. Tokoh pada periode ini adalah Georgius Everhardus Rumphius, atau dalam literatur lebih dikenal dengan nama Rumphius. Kary monumentalnya d’Amboinsche Rariteitkamer (1705).

Periode II (1850 – 1905 )

Sekitar 1850 dimulailah periode kedua yang menampilkan banyak kemajuan dalam pengetahuan kita mengenai fauna laut. Tokoh terpenting yang muncul adalah Pieter Bleeker (1819 – 1878), seorang dokter tentara tetapi yang lebih dikenal sebagai seorang ahli iktiologi (ilmu mengenai ikan). Ia membuat deskripsi mengenai flora dan fauna dari wilayah ambon dan sekitarnya, baik yang hidup di darat ataupun di laut. Karya besarnya Atlas Ichthyologique diterbitkan dalam sembilan volume besar.

Periode III (1905 – 1960)

Di periode ini penelitian kelautan dilakukan hanya secara sporadis saja. Tahun 1904-1905 merupakan tahun bersejarah untuk kelautan di Inodnesia, karena pada saat itu atas prakarsa Dr Koningsberger (saat itu direktur kebun raya bogor) didirikanlah ”Visscherij Station” (stasiun perikanan) yang pertama di Indonesia.

Periode IV (setelah 1960)

Situasi politik yang menghangat menjelang akhir tahun 1950-an dalam perjuangan pembebasan irian barat menyebabkan semua ahli-ahli belanda meninggalkan Indonesia tanpa tenaga ahli indonesia sebagai penerusnya. Melihat kekosongan di berbagai lembaga penelitian indonesia maka atas prakarsa Prof Kusnoto (saat itu direktur kebun raya indonesia) didirikanlah Akademi Biologi di Ciawi yang juga mempunyai jurusa penelitian laut. Dari sinilah kemudian lahir generasi pertama putra-putri Indonesia yang menangani penelitian dalam ilmu kelautan. Dan dengan demikian terbukalah babak baru pada awal 1960-an yang mempertanda dimulainya periode ke empat.

Berterima Kasih pada Ambon

Dengan adanya penelitian flora dan fauna pada periode pertama di Ambon, sudah selayaknyalah kita berterima kasih pada Ambon. Sebab dari Ambonlah dimulai penelitian tentang bilogi flora dan fauna yang ada di laut dan di daratan. Memberikan informasi dan inovasi bagi peneliti bilogi lain untuk selanjutnya, melakukan penelitian-penelitian di luar Ambon. Ambon Manise...!

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